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Biotech Yield References

This is a compilation of many papers and review documents about the yield of biotech crops and their environmental impacts. Although a few of the listed studies found no improvement or worse results, the vast majority show biotech crops to be superior to conventional crops.

1. Cross-crop reviews of biotech crops with yield summaries and references to yield data

Carpenter, J., Felsot, A., Goode, T., Hammig, M., Onstad, D., Sankula, S. 2002. Comparative Environmental Impacts of Biotechnology-derived and Traditional Soybean, Corn, and Cotton Crops. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology CAST: I-189.
http://www.cast-science.org/pubs/biotechcropsbenefit.pdf

Fernandez-Cornejo, J., and W. D. McBride, 2000. Genetically Engineered Crops for Pest Management in U.S. Agriculture: Farm Level Effects. Resource Economics Division, Economic Research service, USDA. Agricultural Economic Report #786.
http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aer786/

Gianessi, L., Silvers, C., Sankula, S., Carpenter, J. 2002. Executive Summary - Plant Biotechnology - Current and Potential Impact for Improving Pest Management in US Agriculture. An Analysis of 40 Case Studies. NCFAP. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: 1-23.
http://www.ncfap.org/40CaseStudies.htm

Marra, M. C., Philip G. Pardey, P.G, and J. M. Alston. January 2002.
The Payoffs to Agricultural Biotechnology: An Assessment of the Evidence
http://www.ifpri.cgiar.org/divs/eptd/dp/eptdp87.htm

2. Product-specific yield references

a. Bt cotton

Bacheler, J.S., D. W. Mott, and D. E. Morrison. 1998. Large Scale Evaluation of Bollgard Resistance to Multiple Pests in North Carolina Under Grower Conditions. In Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference, Memphis, TN, U.S.A. National Cotton Council. 2: 961-64.

Benson, M. A., and W. H. Hendrix III. 1999. Economics of a Tracer/Karate Z Conventional Cotton Program vs. Bt Cotton. In Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference. Memphis, TN, U.S.A. 2: 1143-45.

Bryant, K., C. T. Allen, F. M. Bourland, and L. D. Earnest. 1999. Cost and return comparisons of RR and Bollgard cotton varieties. National Cotton Council. In Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference, Memphis, TN, U.S.A. 1: 236-38.

Bryant, K. J., Allen, C. T., Bourland, F. M., Smith, K. L., Earnest, L. D. 2000. Cost and Return Comparisons of Transgenic Cotton Systems in Arkansas. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Production Conference Benefits. 1: 343-345.

Bryant, K. J., Robertson, W. C., Lorenz, G. M. 1997. Economic Evaluation of Bollgard Cotton in Arkansas: 1996. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference. 1: 358-359.

Bryant, K.J., W.C. Roberts, and G. M. Lorenz III. 1998. Economic Evaluation of Bollgard Cotton in Arkansas: 1997. In Porceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference, National Cotton Council, Memphis, TN, U.S.A. 1: 388-89.

Bryant, K. J., Robertson, W. C., Lorenz, G. M. 1999. Economic Evaluation of Bollgard Cotton in Arkansas. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference. 1: 349-350. 1142

Carlson, G. A., Marra, M. C., Hubbell, B. J. 1998. Yield, Insecticide Use, and Profit Changes From Adoption Of Bt Cotton In The Southeast. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference. 2: 973-974. 1395

Cavin, D., W. Mullins, K. Ferreira, and D. Fairbanks. 2001. Economics of stacked gene (BG/RR) stripper cotton in west Texas. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference 2:865-866.

Cooke , F. T., and T. B. Freeland. 1998. Some Economic Considerations for Bt Cotton Planting in the Yazoo-Missippi Delta. In Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference. 1: 383-84.

Cooke, F. T., Jr., W. P. Scott, S. W. Martin, and D. W. Parvin, Jr. 2001. The Economics of Bt Cotton in the Mississippi Delta 1997-2000. Proceeding of the Beltwide Cotton Conference. 1:175-177.

Gianessi, L., Carpenter, J. 1999. Agricultural Biotechnology Insect Control Benefits. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: 1-78.

Gibson IV, J. W., D. Laughlin, R. G. Luttrell, D. Parker, J. Reed, and A. Harris. 1997. Comparison of Costs and Returns Associated with Heliothis Resistant Bt Cotton to Non-resistant varieties. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference. 1:244-247.

Huang, J., Rozelle, S., Pray, C., Wang, Q. 2002. Plant Biotechnology in China. Science 295(5555) 674-676.

Ismael, Y., Bennett, R., Morse, S. 2002. Do Small-scale Bt Cotton Adopters in South Africa Gain an Economic Advantage. 6th International ICABR Conference, Ravello, Italy, July 11-14, 2002: 1-16.

Jones, K, T. Kerby, H. Collins, T. Woffard, M. Bates, J. Presley, J. Burgess, Robert Buehler, and R. Deaton. 1996. Performance of NuCOTN with Bollgard. In Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference, 1: 46-48. Memphis, TN, U.S.A. National Cotton Council.

Karner, M. J. Goodson, A. Hutson. 2000. Bt Cotton Technology in Oklahoma: An Overview. OSU Current Report No. 7465. Stillwater: Oklahoma State University.

Layton, M. B., S. D. Stewart, M. R. Williams, and J. S. Long. 1999. Performance of Bt Cotton in Mississippi, 1998. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference, National Cotton Council, Memphis, TN, U.S.A. 2: 942-45.

Magaña, J. E. M., García, J. G., Rodríguez, A. J. O., García, J. M. O. 1999. Comparative Analysis Of Producing Transgenic Cotton Varieties Versus No Transgenic Variety In Delicias, Chihuahua, Mexico. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference. 1: 255-256.

Marra, M., G. Carlson, and B. Hubbell. Economic Impacts of the First Crop Biotechnologies. 1998.
http://www.ag-econ.ncsu.edu/faculty/marra.firstcrop/img001.gif.

Mullins, J., Mills J. 1999. Economics of Bollgard versus non-bollgard cotton in 1998. Beltwide Cotton Conference. 2: 958-961. 49

Pray, C. E., Ma, D., Huang, J., Qiao, F. 2001. Impact of Bt Cotton in China. World Development. 29(5): 1-34.

ReJesus, M., J. K. Greene, M. D. Hammig, and C. E. Curtis. 1997b. Economic Analysis of Insect Management Strategies for Transgenic Bt Cotton Production in South Carolina. Proceeding of the Beltwide cotton Conference. 1:247-251.

Stark, C. R. 1997. Economics of Transgenic Cotton: Some Indications Based on Georgia Producers. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference. 1: 251-253.

Wier, A. T., Mullins, J. W. Mills, J. M. 1998. Bollgard Cotton-Update and Economic Comparisons Including New Varieties. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference. 2: 1039-1040.

b. Bt corn

Baute, T.S., M. K. Sears, and A. W. Schaafsma. 2002. Use of Transgenic Bacillus Thuringiensis Berliner Corn Hybrids to Determine the Direct Economic Impact of the European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on Field Corn in Eastern Canada. J Econ Entomology 95:57-64.

Carpenter, J. E. 2001. Case Studies in Benefits and Risk of Agricultural Biotechnology: Roundup Ready Soybeans and Bt Field Corn. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: 1-56.

Duffy, M. 2001. Who Benefits From Biotechnology? Presentation to the American Seed Trade Association Meeting, Chicago, IL, December 5-7.
http://www/leopold.iastate.edu/pubinfo/papersspeeches/biotech.html

European Commission. 2000. Economic Impacts of Genetically Modified Crops On the Agri-food Sector.
http://europa.eu.int/comm/dgo61/publi/gmo/fulrep

The Economist. 2000. Genetically Modified Crops: To Plant or Not to Plant. January 14.
http://www.thecampaign.org/newsupdates/_januaryj.htm. Accessed October 21, 2000.

Gianessi, L., Carpenter, J. 1999. Agricultural Biotechnology Insect Control Benefits. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: 1-78.

Hart, K., 1999. Biotech Crops Do Not Improve Yield or Cut Pesticide Costs, USDA Finds. Pesticide and toxic Chemical News, July 1, 11-13.

Marra, M., G. Carlson, and B. Hubbell. Economic Impacts of the First Crop Biotechnologies. 1998.
http://www.ag-econ.ncsu.edu/faculty/marra.firstcrop/img001.gif.

Rice, M., and C.D. Pilcher. 1998. Potential benefits and limitations of transgenic Bt Corn For Management of the European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera Crambidae). American Entomologist 44 (1): 75-78.

Sloderbeck, P., L. Buschman, T. Dumler, and R. Higgins. 1999. Bt Corn and Non-Bt Corn Refuges: How Do the Economics Pencil Out? Report, Kansas State University, Manhattan Kans., U.S.A. Mimeo.

c. HT cotton

Bryant, K., C. T. Allen, F. M. Bourland, and L. D. Earnest. 1999. Cost and return comparisons of RR and Bollgard cotton varieties. National Cotton Council. In Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference, Memphis, TN, U.S.A. 1: 236-38.

Culpepper, A. S., York, A. C. 1998. Weed Management: Weed Management in Glyphosate-Tolerant Cotton. The Journal of Cotton Science. 2: 174-185.

Culpepper, A. S., York, A. C. 2000. Weed Management In Ultra Narrow Row Cotton (Gossypium Hisutum). Weed Technology. 14 (1): 19-29.

Goldman, D. L,. C. Guy, m. McClelland, and A. Kendig. 1996. Weed Control Systems in RoundupTM Ready Cotton. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Cotton Weed Science Research Coinference. 2:

Keeling, W., P. Dotray, C. Jones, and S. Sunderland. 1996. RoundupTM Ready Cotton: A Potential New Weed Management Tool for the Texas High Plains. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Cotton Weed Science Research Conference. 2: 1529

Slinsky, S. P., E. R. Edens, J. A. Larson, and R. M. Hayes. 1998. Evaluation of Cost and Returns For RoundupTM Ready Cotton. In Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference, Memphis, TN, U.S.A: National Cotton Council. 1: 340-43.

Speed, T. R., and K. L. Ferreira. 1998. Performance of PM 2326RR and PM 2200RR on the Texas High Plains: A two-year summary. In Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference, Memphis, TN, U.S.A.: National Cotton Council. 1: 251-53.

Vencill, W.K. !996. Weed Management Systems Untilizing Herbicide-Resistant Cotton. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cottoin Conferences. Cotton Weed Science Research Conference. 2: 1532-33.

Vencill, W. K., Hawf, L. 1997. Weed Management Systems in Georgia Cotton Utilizing Roundup-Ready® Cotton. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference. 1: 783-784.

d. HT corn

Fernandez-Cornejo, J., and C.Klotz-Ingram. 1998. Economic, Environmental , and Policy Impacts of Using Genetically Engineered Crops for Pest Management. Selected paper presented at the 1998 Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association (NAREA) meeting. Ithaca, NY.

Ferrell J. A. and W. W. Witt. 2000. Comparison of weed management strategies with Roundup Ready® corn. University of Kentucky, Cooperative Extension Service.
http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/Agronomy/Department/news/agv132 2.pdf

Hart, K., 1999. Biotech Crops Do Not Improve Yield or Cut Pesticide Costs, USDA Finds. Pesticide and Toxic Chemical News, July 1, 11-13.

Johnson, W.G., P. R. Bradley, S. E. Hart, M.L. Buesinger, and R. E. Massey. 2000. Efficacy and Economics of Weed Management in Glyphosate-resistant Corn (Zea mays). Weed Technology 14:57-65.

Tharp, B.E. and J.J. Kells. 1999. Influence of Herbicide Application Rate, Timing, and Interrow Cultivation on Weed Control and Corn (Zea mays) Yield in Glufosinate-resistant and Glyphosate-resistant Corn. Weed Technology 13:807-813.

e. HT soybean

European Commision. 2000. Economic Impacts of Genetically Modified Crops on the Agri-food sector.
http://europa.eu.int/comm./dg061/publi/gmo/fullrep
Accessed December 26, 2000.

Arnold, J. C., D. R. Shaw, and C. R. Medlin. 1998. Roundup ReadyTM Programs Versus Conventional Programs. Efficacy, Varietal Performance, and Economics. Proceeding of the Southern Weed Science Society, Southern Weed Science Society, 51: 272-73.

Arnold, J. C., Shaw, D. R., Norris, J. L. 1999. Assessment Of Efficacy And Economics In Roundup Ready Versus Conventional Soybean Programs. Proceedings, Southern Weed Science Society. 52: 43. 1017

Benbrook, C. 1999. Evidence of the Magnitude and Consequences of the Roundup Ready Soybean Yield Drag from University based Varietal Trials in 1998: 1-28.

Carpenter, J. E. 2001. Comparing Roundup Ready and Conventional Soybean Yields: 1999. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy, Washington, D.C.
http://www.ncfap.org

Couvillion, W. C., Kari, F., Hudson, D., Allen, A. 2000. A Preliminary Economic Assessment of Roundup Ready Soybeans in Mississippi. Mississippi State University Research Report 2000-005: 1-11.

Culpepper, A. Stanley, Ayork, Alan C., Batts, Rober B., and Jennings, Katherine M. 2000. Weed Management in Glufosinate - and Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technology, 14: 77-78.

Delannay, X., Bauman, T., Beighley, D., Buettner, M., Coble, H., DeFelice, M., Derting, C.,
Diedrick, T., Griffin, J., Hagood, E., Hancock, F., Hart, S., LaVallee, B., Loux, M., Lueschen, W., Matson, K., Moots, C.(Not all would fit refer to original) 1995. Yield Evaluation of Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybean Line after Treatment with Glyphosate. Crop Science. 35. Issue: 5: 1461-1467.

Dunphy, J., and A. York. 2000. Progress report to North Carolina Soybean Producers' Association Inc. Raleigh.
http://www.ncsoy.org/Research/1999/99-06/99-06.htm. Accessed September 25, 2001.

Dunphy, J., R. Heiniger, and A. York. 2000. Progress report to North Carolina Soybean Producers' Association Inc. Raleigh.
http://www.ncsoy.org/Research_/2000_Annual_Reports/2000_annual_reports.htm
Accessed September 25, 2001

Elmore, R. W., Roeth, F. W., Nelson, L. A., Shapiro, C. A., Klein, R. N., Knezevic, S. Z., Martin, A. 2001. Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean Cultivar Yields Compared with Sister Lines. Agronomy Journal. 93: 408-412.

McVey, m, G. Pautsch, and P. Baumel. 1995. Estimated Domestic Producer and End User benefits from Genetically Modifying U.S. Soybeans. Journal of Production Agriculture. 8(2): 209-14.

Marra, M., G. Carlson, and B. Hubbell. Economic Impacts of the First Crop Biotechnologies. 1998.
http://www.ag-econ.ncsu.edu/faculty/marra.firstcrop/img001.gif.

Minor, H. 1998. Performance of GMOs vs. Traditional Varieties: A Southern Perspective. Pp. 1-9. In Proceedings of the 28th Soybean Seed Research Conference. Chicago, IL, Dec. 1998. America Seed Trade Assoc., Washington D.C.

Moschini, G., Lapan, H., Sobolevsky, A. 2000. Roundup Ready ® Soybeans and Welfare Effects in the Soybean Complex. Agribusiness. 16 (1): 33-55. 432

Oplinger, E.S., M.J. Martinka, and K.A. Schmitz. 1998. Performance of Transgenetic Soybeans-Northern U.S. 28th Soybean Seed Research Conference. Chicago, IL. American Seed Trade Assoc,. Washington D.C.

Roberts, R., Pendergrass, R., Hayes, R. 1999. Economic Analysis of Alternative Herbicide Regimes on Roundup Ready Soybeans. J. Prod. Agric.. 12 (3): 449-454.